Vacuum entanglement in a time-dependent electric field
Abstract
Vacuum correlations of a charged scalar field in a time-dependent electric field grow more mixed and correlated overall, yet distillable entanglement between disjoint regions declines to zero under intense non-perturbative Schwinger pair production, with anisotropic directional dependence.
We analyze the correlations of the vacuum state of a charged scalar field by constructing localized observables in two disjoint regions. We consider a time-dependent homogeneous electric field and examine the time evolution of correlations by relating it with the particle-antiparticle creation through the Schwinger effect. Our results show that the electric field increases the mixedness of the states and enhances total correlations, while the distillable entanglement among the regions decreases, vanishing at a finite time for sufficiently intense pulses within the non-perturbative pair-production regime. We also discuss the effect of anisotropy induced by the external background, showing that the distribution of correlations acquires a nontrivial directional dependence.
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